If you are using Linux Mint 18.1 (or earlier) or Ubuntu and your audio card is made by Realtek (Intel HDA) there are also chances that the combo is not being detected by your system.
There are also high chances that after connecting your headphones you hear a quiet white noise in the background. In this quick and easy guide I will explain how I have fixed these problems.
There are two approaches to solve this problem and either of them could work for you - first one simply adds an entry into the Alsa (part of Linux kernel responsible for audio) configuration file which allows your system to detect the external mic and operate in "headset mode" and is very neat, second one is slightly more dirty and bases on the idea that you can retask unused (forgotten by system?) pins on your card to do what you want - that is use external mic.
I have tried both solutions on Linux 18.1 and earlier ones (such as 17.3) and only the first one worked for me. These solutions should also work for Ubuntu.
All the credit goes to these two guys and their videos:
Alsa config entry - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00fhAW7qYQk
Pin retask - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yx33W-c4Cmg
As videos may go down (and the world may end) I will provide summarised guide here:
Alsa config entry
1. If you don't have text editing program like Gedit, Vim, Kate etc. install it (none is provided by default in Linux Mint 18.1) by invoking:
"sudo apt-get install gedit"
2. Invoke "sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf" - this will open the config file in root privilage mode so that you can modify it with gedit. Since in the video this is done on Ubuntu and I was able to replicate it on Linux Mint 18.1 with no problems, path is correct on both systems.
3. Append (add new line) to the end of the file following entry:
"options snd-hda-intel model=,dell-headset-multi" - the comma at the start is necessary.
4. Save the file, restart and voila!
HDAJackRetask
1. First install alsa-gui-tools by invoking: "sudo apt-get install alsa-tools-gui" - this will add couple of interesting looking programs to your program list (on Linux Mint they are under "Video and Sound").
The one we are interested in is "HDAJackRetask". If you can not find it, you can start it from terminal by invoking "hdajackretask".
2. Program window will apear offering different options, make sure to select the correct codec at the top, in my case Realtek ALC668 then click "show unconnected pins".
3. A series of pins with various options will apear and essentially what you want to do is override those that have "Microphone" option and hit "Apply" one by one while looking at your sound settings until you see "External Microphone" (or something similar) appear in the sound window.
White noise fix
1. Open terminal and open alsamixer by invoking: "alsamixer".
2. Press "F6" to switch to correct sound card (Intel PCH in my case) then keep pressing "Right key" until you get to "Loopback" - disable it by pressing "Down key". Notice how the white noise has disappeared.
Some screenshots:
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